Chapter 38: The Stormy Sixties
Identifications
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy was the Democratic senator from NY. He supported the Civil Rights Movement and liberalism. He was the younger brother of JFK. He was attorney general and later on died when running for presidency.
Robert S. McNamara
Robert S McNamara was the 8th Secretary of Defense under President JFK and LBJ. He played a huge part in the Vietnam War and was also responsible for creating many public policies.
Martin Luther King, Jr
MLK was a civil rights activist that promoted nonviolent protest. He was famous for his use and support of Civil Disobedience. He was also a minister early in his career and gained fame through the SCLC.
Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald was the sniper the killed JFK. He was a former US marine that joined the USSR. He was killed two days after he was transferring jails. Jack Ruby killed him on national TV.
Barry Goldwater
Barry Goldwater was a 5 term senator from Arizona. He was nominated for president by the Republican Party for the election of 1964. He was known for his conservative movement and his stance on the libertarian movement.
Malcolm X
Malcolm X was known as Malcolm Little and El- Hajj Malik El Shabzz. He was a minister and human rights activist. He was known to be an extremist who offered a violent approach to the civil rights movement. He preached racism against the whites to blacks.
Stokely Carmichael
Stokely Carmichael was a black activist during the Civil Rights Movement. He graduated from Howard University and gained fame through the Black Power movement. He was also the first leader of the SNCC and prime minister of the black panther party.
Eugene McCarthy
Eugene McCarthy was the member of Congress from Minnesota. He was a republican and served the House of Representatives and the US senate. He was nominated for presidency against LBJ for the democratic party.
Hubert H. Humphrey
Hubert Humphrey was the VP of LBJ. He was the senator from Minnesota for two terms and founded the Minnesota Democratic- Farmer-Labor Party and also the Americans for Democratic Action. He was later nominated for presidency.
George Wallace
George Wallace was the 45th governor of Alabama. He also ran for presidency 4 times but lost each time. He was paralyzed after an assassination attempt and promoted segregation in the South.
Flexible response
Flexible response was created by President John F Kennedy in 1961 to go against Dwight D. Eisenhower’s New look policy of massive retaliation. It called for deterrence and limited nuclear arms.
Credibility Gap
The Credibility Gap was the term used in the 1960s to describe public skeptism of LBJ and his administration and their stance on the Vietnam war. It was used by the public and other government agencies.
New Frontier
The New Frontier was created by John F Kennedy on his acceptance speech for the presidency. This was his campaign slogan for the Democrats and his administration. It focused on science and new areas of study in space.
Peace Corps
the Peace Corps is a volunteer program created under president JFK. It is run by the US government and its goals are to provide technical assistance, help people outside of the US, and help the US understand foreign countries. It helped economic and social development.
Alliance of Progress
The Alliance of Progress was made by JFK that was aimed to improve relations between the US and Latin American. It was signed with Luis Munoz Marin of Puerto Rico and JFK. This led to operation Bootstrap.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed invasion of Cuba by the US and trained Cuban soldiers. It was funded by the CIA and supported by the Democratic Revolutionary Front that was designed to overthrow President Osvaldo Dorticos Torrado to prevent communism.
Cuban Missile Crisis
This was when the USSR put nukes in Cuba that was in range to bomb any US city. This caused a huge nationl risk and led to the 13 confrontation. It was the closest to nuclear war but it was resolved peacefully through talks and negotiations by both sides of the war.
Great Society
The Great Society was created by President Lyndon Bane Johnson. This promoted the ideas of democrats. He wanted to eliminate racism and poverty. The main ways to do this was education, medical care, and transportation.
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was when the US responded to the incident without formal declaration of war by Lyndon B. Johnson. It used conventional military force instead of using American armed forces.
Civil Right Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act was enacted in 1965. This outlawed discrimination against blacks and their right to vote. It eliminated vote tax and segregation in schools and the work place. Public places were shared now. It started out weak but later gained power.
Voting Rights Act
This was passed in 1937 that stopped discrimination against African Americans and their right to vote. It was based on the 15th amendment. It outlawed poll taxes and literacy tests that were discriminating against African Americans.
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive was a military campaign that was launched by North Vietnam. Although it was stopped by South Vietnam fighters and the US, many places were lost to the Viet Cong. This happened during the Tet Lunar New Year Celebrations but the Vietcong did not honor the cease fire.
Guided Reading Questions
Kennedy's "New Frontier" Spirit
Know: John F. Kennedy, Jacqueline Kennedy, Bobby Kennedy, J. Edgar Hoover, Robert McNamara, Peace Corps
1. What was new about the New Frontier?
John F. Kennedy was the youngest president of the US. His wife was Jacqueline Kennedy and his brother was Robert Kennedy. Robert was also the attorney general. He focused on FBI and this collided with J. Edgar Hoover’s interests. John F. Kennedy also started the Peace Corps to help poor nations.
The New Frontier at Home
2. Assess the effectiveness of New Frontier domestic policies.
The new program expanded House Rules Committee. Steel companies kept prices down and was reprimanded by Kennedy. Free enterprise and capitalism did not support JFK because of his plan for the economy.
Rumblings in Europe
Know: Berlin Wall, Common Market, Trade Expansion Act, Charles de Gaulle
3. Describe Kennedy's relationship with Western Europe.
JFK tried to help save East Berlin from the USSR. The Berlin Wall was built by the USSR to split Germany. Kennedy passed the Trade Expansion Act to lower Tariffs and help the Common Market. Charles de Gaulle did not like JFK and his plans and resisted.
Foreign Flare-ups and "Flexible Response"
Know: Congo, Laos, Robert McNamara, Flexible Response
4. Why did Kennedy believe that a policy of flexible response could better meet the foreign problems of the 1960s?
Laos had a civil war in 1954 when the French left. The Americans put troops and money to prevent communism. Robert McNamara did not want massive retaliation, instead he pushed for flexible response. He wanted to use logic and not force.
Stepping into the Vietnam Quagmire
Know: Ngo Dinh Diem, Viet Cong
5. Why was it difficult to use flexible response to deal with the situation in South Vietnam?
Ngo Dinh Diem tried to place a democracy in South Vietnam instead of letting Ho Chi Minh take over and put in a communist government. The Viet Cong fought against the US and the South Vietnamese. Flexible response is difficult to use because they could not distinguish friend from enemy.
Cuban Confrontations
Know: Alliance for Progress, Fidel Castro, Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Nikita Khrushchev, Quarantine, Hot Line
6. How could Cuba be considered the low and the high of Kennedy's foreign policy?
Kennedy created the Alliance for Progress to prevent communism and help Latin America. He did not want Fidel Castro to gain power so he let the CIA start the Bay of Pigs Invasion. This failed and increased tension and pushed Castro towards communism. The Cuban Missile Crisis started when Nikita Khrushchev put nukes on Cuba which led to Kennedy to quarantine Cuba.
The Struggle for Civil Rights
Know: Freedom Riders, Martin Luther King Jr., SNCC, James Meredith, Birmingham, March on Washington, "I Have a Dream," Medgar Evers
7. Were Kennedy's civil rights actions more the cause of events or a reaction to events in the civil rights movement?
Kennedy tried to get black votes. Freedom Riders tried to stop segregation in Busses. JFK cooperated with MLK to help the civil rights movement. The SNCC helped register black voters and James Meredith helped blacks receive an education. During the March on Washington, MLK gave his I have a dream speech. Medgar Evans was killed during this March.
The Killing of Kennedy
Know: Lee Harvey Oswald, Jack Ruby, Warren Commission
8. What was the reaction to Kennedy's assassination? Why?
JFK was assassinated in the south on Nov 22, 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald. The killer was killed several days later by Jack Ruby. Lyndon B. Johnson became the president. The public was stunned after the assassination and mourned for him.
The LBJ Brand on the Presidency
Know: Lyndon Baines Johnson, The Johnson Treatment, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Affirmative Action, War on Poverty, Great Society, The Other America
9. Did Johnson provide good leadership to the country in his first term? Explain.
Lyndon Baines Johnson created the Johnson Treatment to get his way in Congress. He passes the Civil Rights Act to ban discrimination and set up the EEOC. He also advocated his idea of the Great Society that continued FDR’s new deal and the War on Poverty. The Other America was a book that supported LBJ and his ideas.
Johnson Battles Goldwater in 1964
Know: Barry Goldwater, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
10. Your book says that the 1964 election was a contest between distinctly different political philosophies. Explain this idea?
In the election of 1864, Barry Goldwater was nominated by the republicans. He criticize many things that JFK and LBJ worked for. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution helped gain support for LBJ when he resolved that conflict quickly and without much problems. LBJ won 486 votes to 52.
The Great Society Congress
Know: Department of Housing and Urban Development, Medicare, Medicaid, Entitlements, Immigration and Nationality Act, Head Start
11. In what ways could it be said that 1964-68 marked some of the most liberal years for government in American history?
The democrats opened up Great Society programs like the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Medicare, and Medicaid. Immigration was reformed with the Immigration and Nationality Act. This doubled the amount of immigrants allowed in the US.
Battling for Black Rights
Know: Voting Rights Act of 1965, The Twenty-fourth Amendment, Freedom Summer, Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, Selma
12. What forward steps toward voting for African-Americans were made in the mid-1960s?
Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed to let the blacks vote. It removed poll tax and literacy tests. The 24th Amendment was also passed to forbid poll tax and ensure voting. The Freedom Summer was when whites and blacks wanted to end racism. However at Selma, police confronted the movement with excessive force.
Black Power
Know: Watts, Malcolm X, Elijah Muhammed, Black Panthers, Stokely Carmichael
13. Why did African-Americans turn from non-violence in the late 1960s?
Young blacks did not want to follow MLK’s idea of nonviolence. This group was led by Malcolm X who was an extremist. He was racist against whites and used Black Panthers to help his cause. Stokely Carmichael started the SNCC to promoted nonviolence by using sit ins. However, more riots broke out when MLK was assassinated.
Combating Communism in Two Hemispheres
Know: Operation Rolling Thunder, Guerrilla Warfare
14. Why did President Johnson increase America's military presence in Vietnam?
LBJ did not want Vietnam to be a coomunist country. He sent 25000 troops to stop it. He also ordered Operation rolling Thunder to bomb North Vietnam. Ground troops were faces with guerrilla warfare and they were not trained well for it.
Vietnam Vexations
Know: Six-Day War, Teach-ins, William Fulbright, Credibility Gap, Cointelpro
15. Describe the negative consequences of the Vietnam War.
The Six Day War happened in June 1967 when Israel beat Egypt. This happened during the Vietnam War. Students help teach-ins to prevent the Draft. The public did not support the war anymore. William Fulbright was against the war and spoke in public against it. Cointelpro let the Cia and FBI investigate home leaders and this made the Us seem like a totalitarian state.
Vietnam Topples Johnson
Know: Tet Offensive, Eugene McCarthy
16. Why did President Johnson decide not to run for re-election in 1968?
In January 1968, North Vietnam launched the Tet Offensive. The US stopped the attack but the war was not over. Johnson split the Democratic Party with his decisions dealing with the war and lost popularity. Nominated against him were Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy.
The Presidential Sweepstakes of 1968
Know: Hubert Humphrey, Robert Kennedy, Democratic Convention, Richard Nixon, George Wallace
17. Why was the 1968 presidential election an interesting one?
LBJ was out of the election and in his place was Hubert Humphrey, McCarthy, and Kennedy. Robert Kennedy was shot and killed and Humphrey became the nominee. Richard Nixon ran for the Republicans and so did George C Wallace. In the end, Richard Nixon won the election.
Victory for Nixon
18. "Nixon had received no clear mandate to do anything [in the 1968 election]." Explain.
Vietnam was solved after LBJ’s presidency. Nixon concluded it with a honorable peace. He did not win a major city but won 95% of the black vote. He won his election due to his stance on draft, crime, and rioting.
The Obituary of Lyndon Johnson
19. It could be said that few presidents were as great a success or as great a failure as Lyndon Johnson. Assess.
Nixon was faced with solving the Vietnam War. Whatever LBJ did would no please anyone. LBJ left office and returned home in Texas until the end of his life. Nixon had no clear goals to what to do with the US after LBJs presidency.
The Cultural Upheaval of the 1960s
Know: Berkeley, Sexual Revolution, Stonewall Inn, Students for a Democratic Society, LSD
20. Why did a 1960s counterculture develop and how was it expressed?
In 1960, there was a lot of cultural changes by the young people. Berkley was the main place of drug use and protests. A sexual revolution took place with birth control pills and gays. The Democratic Society became a underground terrorist group that started riots to help poverty and war. Young people started using drugs like grass and LSD which led to many drug dealers.
Varying Viewpoints: The Sixties: Constructive or Destructive?
21. How do you answer the question in the title of this section? Explain.
The Sixties was destructive. It was a time of hippies and drug use. New drugs were developed and this led to more violence. Also young people could not be controlled during the sexual revolution. These ideas conflicted with the ideas of older generations during WW2 and the Great Depression.
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy was the Democratic senator from NY. He supported the Civil Rights Movement and liberalism. He was the younger brother of JFK. He was attorney general and later on died when running for presidency.
Robert S. McNamara
Robert S McNamara was the 8th Secretary of Defense under President JFK and LBJ. He played a huge part in the Vietnam War and was also responsible for creating many public policies.
Martin Luther King, Jr
MLK was a civil rights activist that promoted nonviolent protest. He was famous for his use and support of Civil Disobedience. He was also a minister early in his career and gained fame through the SCLC.
Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald was the sniper the killed JFK. He was a former US marine that joined the USSR. He was killed two days after he was transferring jails. Jack Ruby killed him on national TV.
Barry Goldwater
Barry Goldwater was a 5 term senator from Arizona. He was nominated for president by the Republican Party for the election of 1964. He was known for his conservative movement and his stance on the libertarian movement.
Malcolm X
Malcolm X was known as Malcolm Little and El- Hajj Malik El Shabzz. He was a minister and human rights activist. He was known to be an extremist who offered a violent approach to the civil rights movement. He preached racism against the whites to blacks.
Stokely Carmichael
Stokely Carmichael was a black activist during the Civil Rights Movement. He graduated from Howard University and gained fame through the Black Power movement. He was also the first leader of the SNCC and prime minister of the black panther party.
Eugene McCarthy
Eugene McCarthy was the member of Congress from Minnesota. He was a republican and served the House of Representatives and the US senate. He was nominated for presidency against LBJ for the democratic party.
Hubert H. Humphrey
Hubert Humphrey was the VP of LBJ. He was the senator from Minnesota for two terms and founded the Minnesota Democratic- Farmer-Labor Party and also the Americans for Democratic Action. He was later nominated for presidency.
George Wallace
George Wallace was the 45th governor of Alabama. He also ran for presidency 4 times but lost each time. He was paralyzed after an assassination attempt and promoted segregation in the South.
Flexible response
Flexible response was created by President John F Kennedy in 1961 to go against Dwight D. Eisenhower’s New look policy of massive retaliation. It called for deterrence and limited nuclear arms.
Credibility Gap
The Credibility Gap was the term used in the 1960s to describe public skeptism of LBJ and his administration and their stance on the Vietnam war. It was used by the public and other government agencies.
New Frontier
The New Frontier was created by John F Kennedy on his acceptance speech for the presidency. This was his campaign slogan for the Democrats and his administration. It focused on science and new areas of study in space.
Peace Corps
the Peace Corps is a volunteer program created under president JFK. It is run by the US government and its goals are to provide technical assistance, help people outside of the US, and help the US understand foreign countries. It helped economic and social development.
Alliance of Progress
The Alliance of Progress was made by JFK that was aimed to improve relations between the US and Latin American. It was signed with Luis Munoz Marin of Puerto Rico and JFK. This led to operation Bootstrap.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed invasion of Cuba by the US and trained Cuban soldiers. It was funded by the CIA and supported by the Democratic Revolutionary Front that was designed to overthrow President Osvaldo Dorticos Torrado to prevent communism.
Cuban Missile Crisis
This was when the USSR put nukes in Cuba that was in range to bomb any US city. This caused a huge nationl risk and led to the 13 confrontation. It was the closest to nuclear war but it was resolved peacefully through talks and negotiations by both sides of the war.
Great Society
The Great Society was created by President Lyndon Bane Johnson. This promoted the ideas of democrats. He wanted to eliminate racism and poverty. The main ways to do this was education, medical care, and transportation.
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was when the US responded to the incident without formal declaration of war by Lyndon B. Johnson. It used conventional military force instead of using American armed forces.
Civil Right Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act was enacted in 1965. This outlawed discrimination against blacks and their right to vote. It eliminated vote tax and segregation in schools and the work place. Public places were shared now. It started out weak but later gained power.
Voting Rights Act
This was passed in 1937 that stopped discrimination against African Americans and their right to vote. It was based on the 15th amendment. It outlawed poll taxes and literacy tests that were discriminating against African Americans.
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive was a military campaign that was launched by North Vietnam. Although it was stopped by South Vietnam fighters and the US, many places were lost to the Viet Cong. This happened during the Tet Lunar New Year Celebrations but the Vietcong did not honor the cease fire.
Guided Reading Questions
Kennedy's "New Frontier" Spirit
Know: John F. Kennedy, Jacqueline Kennedy, Bobby Kennedy, J. Edgar Hoover, Robert McNamara, Peace Corps
1. What was new about the New Frontier?
John F. Kennedy was the youngest president of the US. His wife was Jacqueline Kennedy and his brother was Robert Kennedy. Robert was also the attorney general. He focused on FBI and this collided with J. Edgar Hoover’s interests. John F. Kennedy also started the Peace Corps to help poor nations.
The New Frontier at Home
2. Assess the effectiveness of New Frontier domestic policies.
The new program expanded House Rules Committee. Steel companies kept prices down and was reprimanded by Kennedy. Free enterprise and capitalism did not support JFK because of his plan for the economy.
Rumblings in Europe
Know: Berlin Wall, Common Market, Trade Expansion Act, Charles de Gaulle
3. Describe Kennedy's relationship with Western Europe.
JFK tried to help save East Berlin from the USSR. The Berlin Wall was built by the USSR to split Germany. Kennedy passed the Trade Expansion Act to lower Tariffs and help the Common Market. Charles de Gaulle did not like JFK and his plans and resisted.
Foreign Flare-ups and "Flexible Response"
Know: Congo, Laos, Robert McNamara, Flexible Response
4. Why did Kennedy believe that a policy of flexible response could better meet the foreign problems of the 1960s?
Laos had a civil war in 1954 when the French left. The Americans put troops and money to prevent communism. Robert McNamara did not want massive retaliation, instead he pushed for flexible response. He wanted to use logic and not force.
Stepping into the Vietnam Quagmire
Know: Ngo Dinh Diem, Viet Cong
5. Why was it difficult to use flexible response to deal with the situation in South Vietnam?
Ngo Dinh Diem tried to place a democracy in South Vietnam instead of letting Ho Chi Minh take over and put in a communist government. The Viet Cong fought against the US and the South Vietnamese. Flexible response is difficult to use because they could not distinguish friend from enemy.
Cuban Confrontations
Know: Alliance for Progress, Fidel Castro, Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Nikita Khrushchev, Quarantine, Hot Line
6. How could Cuba be considered the low and the high of Kennedy's foreign policy?
Kennedy created the Alliance for Progress to prevent communism and help Latin America. He did not want Fidel Castro to gain power so he let the CIA start the Bay of Pigs Invasion. This failed and increased tension and pushed Castro towards communism. The Cuban Missile Crisis started when Nikita Khrushchev put nukes on Cuba which led to Kennedy to quarantine Cuba.
The Struggle for Civil Rights
Know: Freedom Riders, Martin Luther King Jr., SNCC, James Meredith, Birmingham, March on Washington, "I Have a Dream," Medgar Evers
7. Were Kennedy's civil rights actions more the cause of events or a reaction to events in the civil rights movement?
Kennedy tried to get black votes. Freedom Riders tried to stop segregation in Busses. JFK cooperated with MLK to help the civil rights movement. The SNCC helped register black voters and James Meredith helped blacks receive an education. During the March on Washington, MLK gave his I have a dream speech. Medgar Evans was killed during this March.
The Killing of Kennedy
Know: Lee Harvey Oswald, Jack Ruby, Warren Commission
8. What was the reaction to Kennedy's assassination? Why?
JFK was assassinated in the south on Nov 22, 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald. The killer was killed several days later by Jack Ruby. Lyndon B. Johnson became the president. The public was stunned after the assassination and mourned for him.
The LBJ Brand on the Presidency
Know: Lyndon Baines Johnson, The Johnson Treatment, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Affirmative Action, War on Poverty, Great Society, The Other America
9. Did Johnson provide good leadership to the country in his first term? Explain.
Lyndon Baines Johnson created the Johnson Treatment to get his way in Congress. He passes the Civil Rights Act to ban discrimination and set up the EEOC. He also advocated his idea of the Great Society that continued FDR’s new deal and the War on Poverty. The Other America was a book that supported LBJ and his ideas.
Johnson Battles Goldwater in 1964
Know: Barry Goldwater, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
10. Your book says that the 1964 election was a contest between distinctly different political philosophies. Explain this idea?
In the election of 1864, Barry Goldwater was nominated by the republicans. He criticize many things that JFK and LBJ worked for. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution helped gain support for LBJ when he resolved that conflict quickly and without much problems. LBJ won 486 votes to 52.
The Great Society Congress
Know: Department of Housing and Urban Development, Medicare, Medicaid, Entitlements, Immigration and Nationality Act, Head Start
11. In what ways could it be said that 1964-68 marked some of the most liberal years for government in American history?
The democrats opened up Great Society programs like the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Medicare, and Medicaid. Immigration was reformed with the Immigration and Nationality Act. This doubled the amount of immigrants allowed in the US.
Battling for Black Rights
Know: Voting Rights Act of 1965, The Twenty-fourth Amendment, Freedom Summer, Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, Selma
12. What forward steps toward voting for African-Americans were made in the mid-1960s?
Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed to let the blacks vote. It removed poll tax and literacy tests. The 24th Amendment was also passed to forbid poll tax and ensure voting. The Freedom Summer was when whites and blacks wanted to end racism. However at Selma, police confronted the movement with excessive force.
Black Power
Know: Watts, Malcolm X, Elijah Muhammed, Black Panthers, Stokely Carmichael
13. Why did African-Americans turn from non-violence in the late 1960s?
Young blacks did not want to follow MLK’s idea of nonviolence. This group was led by Malcolm X who was an extremist. He was racist against whites and used Black Panthers to help his cause. Stokely Carmichael started the SNCC to promoted nonviolence by using sit ins. However, more riots broke out when MLK was assassinated.
Combating Communism in Two Hemispheres
Know: Operation Rolling Thunder, Guerrilla Warfare
14. Why did President Johnson increase America's military presence in Vietnam?
LBJ did not want Vietnam to be a coomunist country. He sent 25000 troops to stop it. He also ordered Operation rolling Thunder to bomb North Vietnam. Ground troops were faces with guerrilla warfare and they were not trained well for it.
Vietnam Vexations
Know: Six-Day War, Teach-ins, William Fulbright, Credibility Gap, Cointelpro
15. Describe the negative consequences of the Vietnam War.
The Six Day War happened in June 1967 when Israel beat Egypt. This happened during the Vietnam War. Students help teach-ins to prevent the Draft. The public did not support the war anymore. William Fulbright was against the war and spoke in public against it. Cointelpro let the Cia and FBI investigate home leaders and this made the Us seem like a totalitarian state.
Vietnam Topples Johnson
Know: Tet Offensive, Eugene McCarthy
16. Why did President Johnson decide not to run for re-election in 1968?
In January 1968, North Vietnam launched the Tet Offensive. The US stopped the attack but the war was not over. Johnson split the Democratic Party with his decisions dealing with the war and lost popularity. Nominated against him were Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy.
The Presidential Sweepstakes of 1968
Know: Hubert Humphrey, Robert Kennedy, Democratic Convention, Richard Nixon, George Wallace
17. Why was the 1968 presidential election an interesting one?
LBJ was out of the election and in his place was Hubert Humphrey, McCarthy, and Kennedy. Robert Kennedy was shot and killed and Humphrey became the nominee. Richard Nixon ran for the Republicans and so did George C Wallace. In the end, Richard Nixon won the election.
Victory for Nixon
18. "Nixon had received no clear mandate to do anything [in the 1968 election]." Explain.
Vietnam was solved after LBJ’s presidency. Nixon concluded it with a honorable peace. He did not win a major city but won 95% of the black vote. He won his election due to his stance on draft, crime, and rioting.
The Obituary of Lyndon Johnson
19. It could be said that few presidents were as great a success or as great a failure as Lyndon Johnson. Assess.
Nixon was faced with solving the Vietnam War. Whatever LBJ did would no please anyone. LBJ left office and returned home in Texas until the end of his life. Nixon had no clear goals to what to do with the US after LBJs presidency.
The Cultural Upheaval of the 1960s
Know: Berkeley, Sexual Revolution, Stonewall Inn, Students for a Democratic Society, LSD
20. Why did a 1960s counterculture develop and how was it expressed?
In 1960, there was a lot of cultural changes by the young people. Berkley was the main place of drug use and protests. A sexual revolution took place with birth control pills and gays. The Democratic Society became a underground terrorist group that started riots to help poverty and war. Young people started using drugs like grass and LSD which led to many drug dealers.
Varying Viewpoints: The Sixties: Constructive or Destructive?
21. How do you answer the question in the title of this section? Explain.
The Sixties was destructive. It was a time of hippies and drug use. New drugs were developed and this led to more violence. Also young people could not be controlled during the sexual revolution. These ideas conflicted with the ideas of older generations during WW2 and the Great Depression.